The Avalanche Hazard Of Couloir Skiing

A fair warning: couloir skiing is prime avalanche terrain which sheds often. The feature is essentially a large terrain trap with no escape, in other words, a funnel for avalanches. In some situations, you can climb a ridge to enter the couloir. This is the ideal situation since you’ll be able to assess the snowpack at the top of the line where conditions are usually more hazardous. Wind-loading is typically much more prominent at the top and the snowpack is shallow and rocky which makes it easy to trigger. A safely executed ski cut might do the trick. However, this isn’t always possible. Bootpacking up the feature may be the only way to its top. The only solution: assess the snowpack at the bottom of the couloir. The conditions at the top remain a wild guess at the best of times.

Pay close attention to the couloir’s aspect. North-facing lines tend to have much wind loading while south-facing lines are exposed to solar warming, both potential triggers. It’s also easy to be surprised by cross-loaded wind slabs triggered below the rock walls lining the couloir’s flanks. Some days, it came down to skiing a minefield of wind slabs, carefully monitoring for snow density changes below your skis. In retrospect, I should have chosen a more conservative objective instead. Live and learn!

As a rule of thumb, I don’t bootpack up a couloir if I’m forecasting natural avalanche activity or poor visibility. I prefer to see the surface wind effect and blowing snow at the top which gives me an idea of the wind loading. I’ll wait for fair weather, reducing the unknowns. I’m also continuously looking for surface instabilities (wind/storm slabs) as I plant my ice axe or poles in the snow. Sometimes, I tour up to a couloir’s exit fan and notice it has slid recently. On one side, the skiing will most likely be horrendous. On the other, the avalanche instability has been triggered naturally. One less problem to deal with…

For Pros: Avalanche NW Couloir

The Avalanche NW Couloir has some of the best and steepest couloir skiing in Rogers Pass. Its 55-degree top pitch funnels you down a winding choke that opens up into the vast Kors-Thomas Bowl and further down, the lower slopes of Avalanche Crest. Accessed from the NRC Col and the crevassed Avalanche North Glacier, an exposed but short-lived bootpack takes you to a col, nestled between the two summits of Avalanche Mountain, granting you panoramic views of the Avalanche Glacier and the Sir Donald Range.

As an option, you can also ski the south face of Avalanche Mtn from the col. Don’t forget your boot crampons and ice axe. The snow at the top of the couloir is often wind-affected (think wind slabs) and rock-hard. Good luck!

For Experts: Grizzly Couloir

The Grizzly Couloir is a classic of the Connaught Creek area. Often one of the first lines to be skied after a storm cycle (or during), it’s hard to get some freshies in this one. Fortunately, you can access its entrance by uptracking Teddy Bear Trees and scrambling on the Grizzly SW Ridge to the summit of Grizzly Mountain. It’s possible to ski cut the entrance effectively to test conditions.

The couloir itself widens at the top and is terminated by an often rocky choke at its base, a textbook terrain trap in case of an avalanche. Keep in mind, that the skier’s right is often cross-loading by prevailing winds and the line is south-facing. Solar warming is a serious problem during most of its skiable season. Once you exit the couloir, you get to ski the epic Grizzly Bowl down to Connaught Creek. The choke below Grizzly Bowl is often in rough shape. It’s best to cut skiers right into Teddy Bear Trees. In any case, Grizzly couloir is high on the list of the best couloir skiing in Rogers Pass.

For An Appetizer: Christmas Couloir

It’s hard to describe the Christmas Couloir. Is it a couloir, a face, or a half-couloir? Take a look at terrain photos yourself. You might find an answer. The south-facing couloir/face is flanked to the left by the headwall of Ursus Major Mountain. It’s accessed by continuing past Balu Pass into the Ursus Major South Bowl. While I prefer to keep skins on and uptrack along the nose of the face, I’ve also bootpacked the couloir in its entirety when conditions allow.

In good condition, it’s a scenic line that isn’t as committing as some of the other ones mentioned in this post. As with any south-facing couloir, solar warming is an issue. It certainly was during one of my worst close calls with an avalanche on this very feature. For a more involved line, I’ve scrambled the Ursus Major Ridge toward the summit from the top of Christmas Couloir and skied its north face into the Bruins Valley.

For A Ski-Mo Classic: Swiss Couloir

Swiss Couloir is a definite ski-mountaineering classic. A 2000m ascent through bushy forest, alpine meadows and vast glaciers takes you to its entrance. There’s no way around this one: you’ll need to bootpack 250m from the Swiss Glacier. At the top of your perch (3100m), one of the highest in the region, you’ll get jaw-dropping views of the Selkirk Mountains, seeing much further than Glacier National Park.

Given its high elevation, the snow conditions are often wind-affected, making for some challenging skiing. The ski quality tends to improve as you descend on the Swiss Glacier and the Lizard Moraine, a prominent alpine feature. When the weather is cooler, you can get some great skiing on the steep pillow lines lining the slopes of the Hermit drainage.

For A Shorter Day: STS Couloir

STS Couloir is a notorious beast of a line, and easily accessible as far as it goes for a ski-mountaineering route. The route offers 700m of epic north-facing couloir skiing with an average slope angle of 45 degrees. A mellow (but exposed) ascent along Connaught Creek takes you to Balu Pass where you continue on the Cheops West Ridge. Depending on conditions, reaching the couloir’s entrance might require a bootpack on the wind-hammered ridge. The couloir is commonly rappelled into (5-10m max.) to get past or cut the large cornices that build upon its crest. Once roped up, you can safely ski-cut the top.

Keep in mind the couloir is a heavily wind-loaded feature and the skier’s left flank harbours cross-loaded wind slabs. During your descent, you’ll be exposed to the large overhead cornices lining the Cheops West Ridge. There’s no doubt about it: it’s a scary place! Given its ease of access, after the cornice has been cut, the trip can be completed in under 5 hours and can be linked with Nikki’s Notch, a tasty appetizer to preceed STS Couloir.

For Tight Turns: Banana Couloir

Banana Couloir is a wonderful objective that’s hard to access and seldom skied. I’ve completed the line in blower powder conditions on the Sir Donald to Macdonald Traverse. The narrow, north-facing feature winds its way down the SW ridge of Mt Macdonald and terminates into the Crossover Bowl. While it can be bootpacked, the most elegant approach is through the NRC Col and the shallow, rocky Macdonald South Face. Keep in mind that the face always has a rotten snowpack with questionable avalanche stability. This route makes for a great traverse from the NRC parking lot to the Hermit lot.

To enter the couloir, a 10m rappel is often needed. With a deep snowpack, you can sneak through a choke at the top avoiding the need for rope work. The couloir is 4-5 meters wide at most. Large enough to link some precise, tight turns but not too narrow to force a jump turn. Once you exit the Banana Couloir, you’ll be exposed to the large overhead slopes lining Crossover Bowl but you’ll find some excellent, wide-open skiing. When it comes to the best couloir skiing in Rogers Pass, the Banana Couloir is a not-so-known bonus line.

The post Best Couloir Skiing In Rogers Pass For All Skill Levels appeared first on The Uptrack.

Related: Christmas Couloir, Rogers Pass: Near-Death Avalanche

Report from January 22, 2021

It was a bluebird day during an unusually long-lasting window of clear weather and ultra-stable snowpack. The Discovery Center was absolutely packed with ski-mountaineers, eager to ski their line of the year. Our crew – Jeff, Joey, Freddy and I – left the hustle and bustle of the parking lot at 7:30 AM and followed the Connaught Valley uptrack (the winter alternative that crosses the Grizzly Bowl avalanche fan) towards Ursus Minor Mountain. Given how many people have travelled up and down this route, we were surprised to find it in relatively good condition, given it hadn’t snowed in a week.

Along the valley bottom, we raced past a slideshow of excited folks heading towards Video Peak, to ski its S/SE faces, an uber-popular tour on a bad day. We diverted from the main uptrack, a little way past the Dispatcher’s Waterfall, marking the bottom of the Dispatcher’s Bowl Slidepath. It was a cold day, especially when spending an hour in the shadow of Cheops Mountain. We couldn’t wait to climb up towards the sunlit alpine slopes.

We were now heading up the uptrack leading to the base of the Hospital Bowl. After a shorter-than-expected ascent, we emerged from the thick tree cover into Hospital Bowl. I was almost blinded by the intense sunlight reflecting off the white blanket of the treeless slopes up ahead.

We followed an existing uptrack, through the gentle, rolling terrain. We veered off course, about midway up the bowl to link up with the Ursus Minor SE Shoulder, traversing just above the Ursus Trees run. It was at the elevation, that we crossed into the blazing sun. I took a quick water break to grab my sunglasses from the top of my pack. Wowzer, did that feel good – time to soak up the sun!

We proceeded up the shoulder’s mellow grade, stopping way too often to glace at the stunning mountainscape beyond. Across the valley, we spotted a small group ascending up the opposite shoulder, probably to ski Grizzly Couloir, an excellent alpine line. We eventually arrived at the base of the Ursus Minor South Face, a steep planar slope heavily scoured by strong ridgetop winds from the previous storm.

With snowpack stability at its highest since the start of winter, we didn’t doubt what was lying under our feet. All we had to worry about were the occasional isolated wind slabs, spotted from a distance. We forged an uptrack, poking the snow ahead to check for slab properties. Within a half-hour, we had gained the col and were rewarded with 360-degree views. After a hearty snack, we geared up for the upcoming bootpack up the exposed SW ridge.

I set a foot trail through a labyrinth of sharp quartzite covered in facetted snow. I had to use some rock climbing tricks every now and then to work through particularly techy sections. I felt as clumsy as ever in my ski boots, edging on bare rock and punching into hidden boulder holes. Overall, the bootpack wasn’t very strenuous or technical, just exposed at times. If you’re uncomfortable with exposed scrambles, I’d recommend bringing a rope for short-roping (as long as you know how to do that safely).

After less than 100 meters, we gained the false summit, west of the true peak. It gradually sloped into a narrow couloir – the west variant of the Ursus Minor SE Couloir, our Plan A. The snow was simply too enticing. We had to try it out.

Since we couldn’t quite scope out the exit, we weren’t 100% sure the route would offer a clean descent but we gave it a whirl anyway. Freddy was our guinea pig, dropping first into the virgin powder. As good as it was in there, he stopped midway down, stumped by an icy choke. Damn!

While it could have been managed with a sketchy downclimb, we deemed it too risky without the rappel gear. At that moment, Freddy sure wished he had brought a 30-meter rope, an obvious conclusion after eying the tat strung around a nearby horn. Guess we’ll have to come back to claim that one. Out of necessity, he booted the 200-meter incline back to the false summit. In the meantime, Jeff and I were waiting on top of the line, slightly worried by the solar slope overhead, soaking up the sun. In the end, it all worked out.

Moving onto Plan B, we traversed across the summit of Ursus Minor. At least, we got to bag a peak. The final bootpack was definitely exposed and technical, requiring a few rock climbing moves. Typically, ski boots are a hassle to climb in, although, in this case, the stiff rubber sole gave me some serious grip on the maze of tiny rock ledges.

From there, we only had a faint idea of where to go. Damn! I should have studied our plan B a little better. I walked down the NE ridge, trying to get a visual on the wider couloir, east of the peak. I could see the exit way down below but the entrance was still out of sight. I went for an alpine “stroll” down the NE ridge which eventually led me to the SE face of Ursus Minor. The steep face conveniently connected with the couloir. It was wind-affected, looked super crusty (think gross sun crust) but was still very much skiable.

After a few horrid turns down the SE face, we gained the top of the east couloir where the snow transitioned from hard crust to dry powder. A perfectly straight run down to the Dispatcher’s Bowl below, this one definitely goes! Freddy carved a series of perfectly symmetrical slaloms down the wider couloir as if he was hitting race gates. Joey and Jeff followed suit, dealing with the variable conditions with ease.

The snow in the couloir’s guts varied from solar crust to wind-affected snow to preserved powder, pretty much all the possible types. My Atomic Backlands 107 made short work of the challenging conditions, providing a stable platform to rail some big turns. From below, the line looked far too tame.

It got even better once we raced down Dispatcher’s Bowl through preserved blower powder. The bowl funnelled us down a photogenic gully and through the Dispatcher’s Waterfall, which was pretty filled in at this time of the year. It was getting really warm in the sun: the denser surface snow was a testimony.

Our journey across Ursus Minor Mountain ended with an icy but bearable ski down the Connaught Valley, followed by lots of stoke, and some cold brews at our local bar. What an epic route that I would recommend to folks with decent ski-mountaineering skills!

Route Info

7-8 h	1450m	11.5 km	1330-2740 m

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Related: Grizzly Mountain Skiing: Slush Cup Through Alders

Report from December 14, 2019

During my season in Chamonix, France, I fell in love with couloir (chute) skiing. Rock palisades on both sides, narrow chokes along the way, deep powder and only one way out. Here’s an interesting fact about couloirs: the skier and the snow share the same direction. Down! There’s little to no escape path if you trigger an avalanche. Even mere sluffing (loose snow) can pull the rug under you and send you careening downslope into rocks or cliffs. Needless to say, the stakes are high at all times in avalanche terrain, even more so in couloirs.

After sorting out our mountaineering gear, our adventure began at 8 AM at the Rogers Pass Discovery Center (RPDC for short). Within less than half an hour, we were deep into Teddy Bear Trees on the ridge looker’s left of Grizzly Mountain.

Thankfully, a brave one already had set a clean uptrack wading through the forest, although at a rather steep angle. Nothing a couple of tree belays couldn’t solve. The snow was so light and deep that my powder baskets punched through the surface by at least one meter. That didn’t stop Cedrik from powering up the shoulder. Man’s got a rocket up his ass.

Moments later, the ridge was narrowing. A few more precarious kick-turns got us past the crux into mellower terrain. From there, the ridge morphed into a large alpine bowl with undulating terrain, proof of the crushing burden of extinct glaciers. We stuck to the wind-blown snow on the ridge to minimize our exposure to potential avalanches overhead. At that point, the uptrack had been covered in wind-deposited snow.

The avalanche hazard was at “moderate”, which meant we still had to be very careful about our ascent path. Most accidents happen on the “moderate” hazard rating: people are caught off-guard by the low probability of avalanches. Skiers and riders are still likely to trigger slabs in isolated areas of instability.

As soon as we gained the very top of the ridge, we were blasted by howling winds so strong Cedrik’s nose turned white within minutes. He promptly covered the exposed skin with his trusty buff. Our faces were relentlessly pelted by icy snow crystals carried by the gusts. Frostbite is no joke. The wind chill must have brought the temperature down to easily -20C. The mountains were screaming in anger. Skinning was becoming increasingly difficult on the hard snow. We strapped our skis to our packs and began the long climb up the thinly covered ridge.

In the distance, we could barely make out two skiers climbing ahead. Dense clouds were rolling across the glacial plains, obscuring our visibility. We eventually caught up to them. Since we had similar plans, we joined forces for the final ascent. Thank you, François and Phil, for setting part of the bootpack on our way to Grizzly Couloir. A few words to describe it: post-holing, rock climbing, frozen hands and patience, lots of it.

With frozen fingers and toes, we gained the summit of Grizzly Mountain. Only a short exposed scramble was left between us and the couloir’s entrance. I thought to myself how awesome it is to blend ski touring with mountaineering. Fortunately, the scramble was oriented in a way that sheltered us from the high winds. I felt a relentless pain in my fingers as blood began to surge back into my capillaries. Good! Today was not the day I would become an amputee.

Our luck didn’t run out just yet. The moment we arrived at the entrance of Grizzly Couloir, a plateau sized for barely two skiers side-by-side, the sun pierced the fast-moving clouds, shining the most angelic rays upon the couloir. Looks like we were up for one hell of a run. I discussed with Cedrik the hazards at play. We would avoid the right-sloping wall of the chute where wind slabs would most likely be found after today’s strong SW winds.

François went first, carving a few carefully placed ski-cuts along the way. The stability was all-time. Phil followed once François had exited the narrow lower choke at the bottom of the run. The snow seemed hella appetizing. Cedrik went third as I snapped a few shots that turned out pretty bad. I’ll let my footage tell the story now.

Yew! What a sweet line right from the top of Grizzly Mountain! Deep untracked powder, gnarly chokes, a steep grade, and good snow stability. It’s pretty rare all those elements line up for the perfect descent. The snow was creamy to the extent where leaning back on my skis was pointless. My shovels would effortlessly bulldoze through the very cold smoke. I encountered the exact same outstanding snow conditions over the following two days of my couloir marathon. The universe wanted me to shred those lines.

Photos

Route Info

5-6 h	1450 m	7.5 km	1330-2755 m

The post Grizzly Couloir, Rogers Pass: 3-Day Couloir Marathon appeared first on The Uptrack.

Related: Grizzly Couloir Rogers Pass: 3-Day Couloir Marathon

Report from December 9, 2019

My 5AM alarm clock was buzzing in my ears. What a brutal wake-up! After five consecutive days of storm skiing, I needed my sleep. I shoved a hearty breakfast down my throat and grabbed my backpack, packed the previous night.

Joj, Simon and I drove up to Rogers Pass, located in Glacier National Park, BC. I call this place the mini-Alps, for its saw-toothed ridges, steep chutes, and narrow valleys. The frigid sunrise was shining on Mt Tupper, adjacent to the Camels. Fun fact: the December sun shines at an angle of 5.54 degrees, which makes it perfect for ski photography.

After checking our avalanche transceivers, we zig-zagged through the old-growth trees of the Connaught Valley. The first step of our mission was to gain Balu Pass, roughly 4.5km up the drainage to an elevation of 2076m. The climb up to the pass was very gradual but we had to keep our wits about. The Connaught Valley is classified as “complex” terrain for its slopes are lined with several large avalanche paths. We had to keep a watchful eye on the aspects above us, especially when crossing avalanche fans, typically covered with brutal alders.

We took a short break at the top of Balu Pass. I casually snapped a few headshots of the boys and snacked on my delicious homemade granola bars. Within minutes, we were back in action, ready to complete the second step of our journey, crossing the vast expanse below the foot of Ursus Major Mountain.

We examined the avalanche danger in the Cougar Valley, the adjacent drainage which led us to spot a potential overhead slide hazard from the SW aspect of 8812 Peak to our right. The solution was quite simple. We crossed the large open snow plains by sticking to the top of the lateral moraines. Not only was it safer, but the snowpack was much thinner which made trail-breaking effortless.

An hour of trailblazing later, we stumbled across a striated rock face, reminiscent of the Canadian Rockies, with Christmas Couloir tucked at its foot. The feature was dwarfed by Ursus Major Mountain. We scrutinized the face for hidden dangers and plotted a course to gain the ridge. Here’s our thinking.

Booting up the center of Christmas Couloir is pure madness in Rogers Pass conditions. Our deep snowpack would make it extremely strenuous and please don’t get me started on the lengthy exposure to avalanches and rockfall from the towering headwall. We identified two options with the following hazards:

Such a dilemma makes avalanche terrain management so interesting. There isn’t always an easy answer but experience in the mountains will help. Either way, we leaned towards the first option if and only if we could set an uptrack on the steep slope. Before touring up the suspect face, we dug a snow profile in a spot where conditions were similar to the couloir’s and performed a shovel compression test. Our results confirmed our observations: the snowpack seemed stable enough.

In this particular section, we put some distance between us to minimize our exposure from the hazards overhead. I took the lead up the rocky face and set an uber-steep uptrack to reduce our time spent in this dangerous area. I was feeling the snow with my uphill pole every few steps, looking for a hidden windslab. I spotted a suspect rocky outcrop. The slope’s angle was by far the limit to which one can set a track on skins. After multiple awkward kick-turns, I crossed the crux, stopped on a safe spot and radioed in my safety. Joj climbed the crux with ease. As for Simon, he bolted up the track.

Once we were clear of the sketchy slope, we heard a large “whumpf“, the loudest we’ve ever heard, followed by the soft sound of an avalanche racing down the slope. Hairline cracks started shooting out of the snow below my skis reaching as far as Joj, 100m to my left. The lower section of the face was completely wiped out. Now, the upper section on which we stood was about to go for a ride as well, dragging us off the cliffs below. Simon had inadvertently triggered a stiff wind slab from a few meters away at the exact location I suspected earlier. Fortunately, no one was caught in its wake, probably due to our precautionary spacing.

Our plan to ski Christmas Couloir was thrown out the window. This wasn’t our first rodeo with avalanches although I bet Simon’s heartrate spiked for a moment. We backtracked to a relatively safe spot with a feather-light foot and quickly made our way down the slide’s bed which we identified as a solar crust dated back to Nov 23. The rest of the descent was great! Stunning views, deep powder, champagne snow.

After our amazing run, we couldn’t stop there. We headed down Cougar Brook without hesitation, jumping over stumps and alders. At treeline, the snow quality got even better. The additional shelter from the trees meant the coverage was consistently knee-deep.

After all this fun, we had to pay the price. We climbed back over Balu Pass for our final descent all the way to the car. By then, the fatigue had definitely settled in. We chose a mellow line down the Connaught Drainage. Sometimes, it’s great to ski carelessly and simply enjoy the fantastic views of Rogers Pass. We got back to the car within 45 minutes of leaving the pass. After our thorough avalanche debrief, we all agreed that it might have been safer to simply boot up Christmas Couloir, Rogers Pass will always surprise us!

Update: I successfully skied the Christmas couloir of rogers pass on my second attempt a week later with Jayden and Jack. This time, we climbed option #2 which ended up being a whole lot safer than my initial uptrack. Experience trumps all!

Route Info

8-9 h	1600 m	16.5 km	1330-2550 m

The post Christmas Couloir Rogers Pass: Near-Death Avalanche appeared first on The Uptrack.

Related: Cheops North Bowl: Great Alpine Skiing Despite Thin Coverage

Report from November 27, 2019

It was a cold November day at Rogers Pass. Our group planned to ski the famous STS Couloir, with Nicci’s Notch as an option if conditions in the chute were unsuitable. A series of good suggestions by Peter and unanimous group decisions led us to ski the Notch instead.

We started our day on skins at 8:30 AM at the Rogers Pass Discovery Center after a long debate on which lines to chase. The initial idea was to ski the Grizzly Couloir, but we decided against it. More than 40 cm of snow had fallen over the last few days over a series of slippery sun crusts and hoar layers. This recent loading, combined with our unfamiliarity with the terrain, discarded our original idea.

We concluded STS couloir, a wide 1000-meter-long chute, might be a great option if and only if the conditions were stable enough. Additionally, ski touring towards the line meant traversing above Nicci’s Notch, a great alternative if things didn’t work out.

On our way up, we succumbed to the freezing alpine temps, high humidity and wind chill. It was frigid. Nothing an abundance of layers and thick gloves couldn’t solve. We headed up the Connaught Drainage carefully, feeling the snow and looking out for signs of recent avalanche activity. In the distance, we soon spotted a fresh crown in the lower half of Grizzly Couloir, which confirmed our earlier suspicions: the alpine snowpack was still rather unstable.

Further up the drainage, we gazed at Nicci’s Notch, a NW-facing chute that fans out into a large alpine slope. To our relief, the untracked snow was definitely tempting us, and the chute looked stable enough from afar, a theory that had to be tested once on site.

A fast, steady climb got us on top of Balu Pass. The howling wind propelled the ridgeline snow through the air with the morning light filtering through the frosty veil. Meanwhile, the sea of peaks emerged as we rounded the pass. We gasped in awe at the stunning scenery beyond our tracks.

We found shelter behind a tight group of evergreens where we scrutinized the ridge to be ascended and rehearsed our day’s plan. We climbed the west ridge of Cheops Mountain, aiming towards Nicci’s Notch. There, Peter and Jay dug a snow pit a little above the entrance of the chute to evaluate the snowpack’s stability. This would provide valuable insight into the conditions in STS couloir. The results were worrying. We found a weak 30cm thick slab, most likely from the recent storm snow as well as wind drift. This meant STS couloir was a definite no-go. However, we judged Nicci’s Notch was still an option.

A few minutes later, we were all bundled up and ready to drop into the line. Jay descended the chute cautiously, feeling the layers under his skis at every turn, followed by Peter, who went all in. He carved wide, bombastic turns from one end of the chute to the other. It was clear this wasn’t his first rodeo.

Inspired by Peter’s fearlessness, I launched off into the chute with my new touring skis, the Scott Cascades. The skis handled the conditions with ease, providing the float I needed to stay atop the deep powder and the stiffness for fast, powerful turns.

Stoked on our perfect run, we finished our day with yet another one. This time, we skied Balu Pass, a moderate descent through terrain we know too well. Having already laid our ideal skin tracks, progress was fast. Like our previous run, we were gifted with a solid 30 cm of light, dry powder from the top of the pass to the bottom of the drainage. We returned to the car at 4 PM with high spirits, ready for another exciting adventure.

Route Info

5-6 h	1015 m	11.6 km	1330-2250m

The post Nicci’s Notch: Deep Pow and Cold Temps appeared first on The Uptrack.